Global School Meals Atlas
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Public vs. private financing

A deeper cut of the financiamento comparado: the composition of who pays (public budget, donors, families, private sector), crossed with who delivers the service, the cost per child and the consistency between funding records. Each panel declares its coverage — the composition is classified for only 91 of the 193 countries.

Public source identified
41 / 193
general, sectoral, subnational or earmarked budget
Households contribute
40
recorded fees or parent contributions
Donors/agencies present
49
includes in-kind food
Organised private
10
philanthropy, NGO or community contribution

Composition profiles

Each country classified by the combination of recorded sources. Click a profile to see the countries.

Public only21
Public + external support7
Includes households or private47
External only16
Not classified102

Who pays × who delivers

Public funding does not imply public delivery: the cross separates the origin of the money from the delivery model recorded in procurement. Click a cell to list the countries.

Who pays \ who deliversPublicOutsourcedNGO/UNNo record
Public only1056
Public + external support3121
Includes households or private254135
External only5245

Households pay — and the declared free provision

40 countries record household contributions. In 17 of them, the operational narrative in the record base itself mentions free or universal provision — a tension that deserves case-by-case reading (the mention is detected heuristically, by text search; confirm it in the dossier narrative).

Andorra · Bangladesh ⚠ · Belgium ⚠ · Belize · Benin · Bhutan ⚠ · Burundi ⚠ · Cambodia · Cameroon · Chad · Democratic Republic of the Congo ⚠ · Dominica · Egypt · Eswatini ⚠ · Ethiopia · Gambia (Republic of The) · Georgia ⚠ · Grenada ⚠ · Honduras · Iraq · Jamaica · Jordan · Kyrgyzstan ⚠ · Malawi ⚠ · Maldives ⚠ · Mauritania · Nicaragua · Republic of Korea · Rwanda · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Sierra Leone ⚠ · Somalia ⚠ · South Sudan ⚠ · Tajikistan ⚠ · Tonga ⚠ · Uganda ⚠ · Vanuatu · Zambia · Zimbabwe

⚠ = the country's narrative mentions free/universal provision despite the recorded contribution.

Cost per child reached

Declared budget divided by children reached — computable for 86 countries (only where the coverage record is at the Total, so that a national budget is not divided by a partial subset). Order of magnitude, not efficiency: no purchasing-power parity and reference years may differ. Click the headers to re-sort.

0 countries

CountryUSD/childBudget (USD)Children reachedBanda

Two records of the same funding — consistency between sources

For 62 countries have both the funding record marked total in the WFP/SMC base and the budget declared in the GCNF survey — two records of the same programme, from different sources and years. The WFP/SMC record does not measure external support: the field sums the programme's total funding, mostly domestic in countries such as China and India. The ratio between the two serves only to flag divergence between the sources (ratios far from 100% indicate different years, partial budgets or different scopes — a review signal, not dependence).

0 countries

CountryTotal funding recorded (USD)Declared budget (USD)Ratio between records

Brazil — public composition by sphere

In the compendium, the 103 Brazilian budget observations are all of public origin — there is no record of household contributions or private financing in PNAE, whose free provision is a legal rule. The composition by sphere and the traceability of the source:

Federal
9
budget action 00PI with the full chain
State-level
30
16 of the 27 states have at least one
From capitals
43
22 of the 27 capitals
From other municipalities
21
municipalities from the in-depth research
Source traced62 to FNDE/federal· 8 to municipal own-source funds · 2 to the state treasury · 1 mixed · 30 in free text without a clear source

full federal execution → · formula and per capita →

How to read this: the composition comes from the classes recorded in the fiscal layer — 102 countries remain unclassified and stay out of the profiles, never added up as "no public funding". A recorded family contribution does not prove universal charging, nor does a mention of gratuity prove exemption: the two signals coexist in 17 countries and require reading the source. Cost per child and the ratio between records are orders of magnitude with possibly different years. The Band column indicates the maturity band of the documented evidence — extent of evidence, not merit.

Author and maintainer: Joelcio Carvalho · Data and method: repository compendio-alimentacao-escolar-brasil · The visualisations organise the available evidence and make comparisons explicit; they do not constitute a merit ranking or a legal opinion. Score, evidence and confidence are always presented separately.